However, for maximum gaming enjoyment, we strongly recommend using a USB joystick that you simply plug into the USB port of your computer. You can control this game easily by using the keyboard of your PC (see the table next to the game). To date, the game library for this console contains nearly 1,000 original games. At the time of its greatest fame, more than 30 million units of this console were sold for about $ 200 a piece. It was the first console that used removable memory modules with games. This version of Pac-Man was designed for Atari 2600, which was commercially very successful video game console of second generation produced by Atari from 1977 to 1992. įind digital download of this game on GOG or Steam. īuy original game or Atari 2600 console on or. More details about this game can be found on .įind this game on video server or. ![]() they do not change color and still make Pac-Man lose a life on contact), but they still reverse direction. In later stages, the enemies go straight to flashing, bypassing blue, which means that they can only be eaten for a short amount of time, although they still reverse direction when a power pellet is eaten in even later stages, the ghosts do not become edible (i.e. Blue enemies flash white to signal that they are about to become dangerous again and the length of time for which the enemies remain vulnerable varies from one stage to the next, generally becoming shorter as the game progresses. ![]() When an enemy is eaten, its eyes remain and return to the center box where it is regenerated in its normal color. The enemies turn deep blue, reverse direction and usually move more slowly. Near the corners of the maze are four larger, flashing dots known as power pellets that provide Pac-Man with the temporary ability to eat the enemies. Pac-Man is awarded a single bonus life at 10,000 points by default-DIP switches inside the machine can change the required points or disable the bonus life altogether. When all lives have been lost, the game ends. If an enemy touches Pac-Man, a life is lost and the Pac-Man itself withers and dies. Four enemies (Blinky, Pinky, Inky and Clyde) roam the maze, trying to catch Pac-Man. Between some stages one of three intermission animations plays. When all pac-dots are eaten, Pac-Man is taken to the next stage. The player controls Pac-Man through a blue maze, eating pac-dots (also called pellets) and fruit. It is part of the collection of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. Pac-Man is one of the longest running video game franchises from the golden age of video arcade games. According to the Davie-Brown Index, Pac-Man has the highest brand awareness of any video game character among American consumers, recognized by 94 percent of them. The character has appeared in more than 30 officially licensed game spin-offs, as well as in numerous unauthorized clones and bootlegs. It is also one of the highest-grossing video games of all time, having generated more than $2.5 billion in quarters by the 1990s. Pac-Man is often credited with being a landmark in video game history, and is among the most famous arcade games of all time. Pac-Man succeeded by creating a new genre and appealing to both genders. The most visible minority were sports games that were mostly derivatives of Pong. When Pac-Man was released, the most popular arcade video games were space shooters, in particular Space Invaders and Asteroids. Upon its release, the game – and subsequent Pac-Man derivatives – became a social phenomenon that sold a large amount of merchandise and also inspired, among other things, an animated television series and a top-ten hit single. Immensely popular from its original release to the present day, Pac-Man is considered one of the classics of the medium, virtually synonymous with video games, and an icon of 1980s popular culture. ![]() It was licensed for distribution in the United States by Midway and released in October 1980. Pac-Man is an arcade game developed by Namco and first released in Japan on May 22, 1980.
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In case none of the proceeding methods works, in order to avoid trouble and save time, it is recommended that you turn to a professional iOS system repair tool. Way 4: Fix iPhone with iSumsoft iOS Refixer Tap Download and Install to start updating the iPhone. iPhone will start checking for update and then display the latest iOS version on the screen.ģ. Go to Settings > General > Software Update.Ģ. Updating the iOS software may fix the problem.ġ. If you have tried the above two methods, but the random black screen problem persists, then chances are that your iPhone is having a system fault. Then observe the iPhone for a while to see if the black screen problem has been fixed. If you have less than 3GB of storage left, clean up unnecessary contents and temporary files to free up the iPhone storage space. ![]() So, go to Settings > General > iPhone Storage to check your remaining storage. Insufficient storage may also cause the iPhone screen to go black randomly. IPhone 6s and earlier: Press and hold the Power and Home buttons at the same time until the Apple logo appears. IPhone 7 series: Press and hold the Power and Volume Down buttons at the same time until the Apple logo appears. Then press and hold the Power button until the Apple logo appears. Press and release the Volume Down button. IPhone 8 and later: Press and release the Volume Up button. To force restart your iPhone, follow the steps below according to your model. This helps repair some problems and won't cause any data loss on the device. A forced restart will close all running apps, release memory, and refresh the system. When your iPhone encounters some minor problems (like the screen going black randomly) but still works, force restart (or hard reboot) is the first solution you should try. Way 5: Restore iPhone to factory settings.Way 4: Fix iPhone with iSumsoft iOS Refixer.So, you can take the following methods to fix the problem and stop your iPhone screen from going black randomly. If your iPhone hasn't experienced a drop, hit, water damage, high temperature, or screen replacement, then this problem is probably caused by software glitches. So, what's the reason behind this problem and how to fix it? According to some users, this problem happens when turning the iPhone into landscape orientation, opening certain apps, or a few minutes after unlocking. The problem that the iPhone screen goes black randomly during normal use is bothering many people. Any ideas of what this is and how to fix it?" Then the screen goes black again after some random amount of time. ![]() When I press the lock button, the iPhone will lock, and then after I unlock it, I can continue using it normally. ![]() Everything works fine, but there is one problem: When I use the iPhone normally, the screen suddenly goes black, but the phone does not turn off. "I have an iPhone X which I bought less than a year ago. 5 Ways to Fix iPhone Screen Going Black Randomly ![]() ![]() Instead of the real-time action beat 'em up mechanics of previous games, Yakuza: Like a Dragon features a real-time turn-based RPG type combat, with a four-person battle team. A new side-activity introduced in this game is Dragon Kart, which is similar to other kart racing games in terms of its gameplay.Ī major departure from previous Yakuza games is the battle system. Similar to previous games in the Yakuza series, side-quests (known as sub-stories in-game) can be taken up by the player to gain additional rewards and players are also able to enjoy the various side activities around the map such as karaoke. Here, Adachi fights an enemy while using the Enforcer Job. It is set to be followed up by two games: a side story Like a Dragon Gaiden: The Man Who Erased His Name in 2023, and the next mainline installment Like a Dragon 8 in 2024. Yakuza: Like a Dragon is the last game in the series to use the Yakuza name outside of Japan, and the first to use the Japanese title worldwide (albeit as a subtitle). Yakuza: Like a Dragon received positive reviews from both players and critics who enjoyed the narrative, characters, gameplay, unique take on the JRPG sub-genre, and presentation. After being imprisoned for 18 years only to then be betrayed by his former boss, Ichiban goes on a personal quest to become a "hero" and uncover the reason for his betrayal alongside his companions. In contrast to previous Yakuza games that focused on the life of Kazuma Kiryu, a man trying to lead a normal life after leaving the yakuza lifestyle, Like a Dragon instead introduces a new protagonist named Ichiban Kasuga. The game was released worldwide for PlayStation 5 on March 2, 2021, and a version for Amazon Luna launched on December 10, 2021. This version was then released in Asia under the subtitle International on Februfor Windows and Xbox platforms. The western release of the game for PlayStation 4, Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S on Novemincluded new costumes, the English audio track and some previously paid DLC. The first mainline title in the Yakuza franchise developed as a turn-based RPG, it was released in Japan and Asia for PlayStation 4 on January 16, 2020. kazumi is the drag persona of kiryu and again, sincerely important to him.Yakuza: Like a Dragon is a role-playing video game developed by Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio and published by Sega. zombie majima is part roleplay for fun and part identity from trauma, depending on the day. goromi is a drag persona and sincere part of majima's identity. kiryu and majima both know a little bit of japanese sign language, for their own reasons. To keep in mind here: i list names in western order (first-last), but refer to most characters by last name. recommended, for full context, to start with a customer and a cabaret girl, which is an expansion on the "best ending" goromi date :) lots of internalised homophobia and denial in the beginning. ![]() KazuMaji is a very big focus, though not all fics will directly involve the pair. One meeting, starting as both the pretense for a fight and Majima's attempt to figure out Kiryu, changes them both. Kazuma Kiryu and Goro Majima have always had a strange relationship. Creator: squishylemonbubbles Series Begun: Series Updated: Description: ![]() Many speculated that her next album would be the re-recording of Speak Now (2010) or 1989 (2014). It was accompanied by a corresponding short film, All Too Well: The Short Film, written and directed by Swift. The latter included the ten-minute, original version of her 2012 song " All Too Well". ![]() ![]() She released the first two of these re-recordings, Fearless (Taylor's Version) and Red (Taylor's Version), in 2021. To support Midnights along with her other albums, Swift has embarked on the Eras Tour in 2023 an overwhelming demand for the tickets crashed its Ticketmaster pre-sale.Īfter a dispute over the sale of the masters of her first six studio albums in 2019, Taylor Swift announced that she plans to re-record the said albums. " Lavender Haze" and " Karma", which peaked at number two and nine on the Hot 100 respectively, have been released as subsequent singles other tracks such as " Maroon", " Snow on the Beach" featuring Lana Del Rey, " You're on Your Own, Kid", " Midnight Rain", and " Bejeweled" also achieved high positions internationally. The lead single " Anti-Hero" scored Swift her ninth number-one song in the US and topped the charts in 14 other territories. The album spawned 10 top-ten songs on the Billboard Hot 100- the most for any album-in the same week. In the United States, it opened with over 1.57 million units, logged Swift's 11th number-one on the Billboard 200, the largest vinyl sales week of the 21st century, and became the best-selling album of 2022. It achieved the Spotify feat for the most single-day streams of an album and topped the charts in 28 territories. It was commercially successful across all formats of music consumption and broke a string of records globally publications dubbed the ubiquitous success a testament to Swift's cultural impact and longevity. Critics dubbed the album a career concoction, incorporating references to and elements from Swift's previous albums, and placed it in best-album rankings of 2022. Midnights received critical acclaim for its restrained production, candid songwriting and vocal cadences. Swift unveiled the standard track list on a TikTok series called Midnights Mayhem with Me from September 21 to October 7, 2022, and surprise-released seven bonus tracks. The songs are characterized by subtle grooves, vintage synthesizers, drum machine, and hip hop/ R&B rhythms. Sonically, it experiments with chill-out, electropop, dream pop, and bedroom pop styles, applying an alternative approach to the synth-pop sound of Swift's previous pop projects. Inspired by Swift's "sleepless nights", Midnights explores topics of anxiety, insecurity, self-criticism, self-awareness, insomnia, and self-confidence, using confessional yet cryptic lyrics. A concept album about nocturnal ruminations, Midnights was written and produced by Swift with longtime collaborator Jack Antonoff. It was announced at the 2022 MTV Video Music Awards, marking Swift's first new body of work since her 2020 indie folk albums, Folklore and Evermore. Midnights is the tenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, released on October 21, 2022, via Republic Records. ![]() Compare different vehicles to get yearly fuel costs customized to your commute, frequency of travel, and charger access. The University of California, Davis EV Explorer can help you determine if a PHEV is right for you. The Department of Energy My Plug-in Hybrid Calculator and.Other PHEVs-sometimes called “blended mode” PHEVs-use gasoline and electricity together to power the vehicle while the battery has charge. Then, gasoline is burned in the engine to provide additional power. Some PHEVs operate exclusively, or almost exclusively, on electricity until the battery is nearly empty. Not all models are available in all 50 states. There are currently over 50 EV and PHEV models on the market, and more models are expected to be released in the coming years. ![]() Learn more about the fuel economy label AvailabilityĮVs and PHEVs are now available in multiple vehicle classes. Visit Fuel Economy in Cold Weather to get tips on maximizing your electric car’s range in extreme temperatures. ![]() In particular, factors like cold weather, accessory use (such as A/C), and high-speed driving can lower your vehicle’s range significantly. Just like “ your mileage may vary” for gasoline vehicles, your range will vary for EVs. Note: The EPA estimates, including EV range, are meant to be a general guideline for consumers when comparing vehicles. Our plug-in hybrid cars use the electric motor more often than a standard hybrid, with the added benefit of up to 76 kilometers of electric-only running. PHEVs have two fuel economy values: one for when the vehicle operates primarily on electricity (listed in terms of MPGe), and one for when the vehicle operates only on gasoline (listed as MPG).įind the driving range and charge time for EVs and PHEVs on the Fuel Economy and Environment Label or Fuel Economy PHEVs typically have driving ranges that are comparable to gasoline vehicles. This allows you to compare an EV with a gasoline vehicle even though electricity is not dispensed or burned in terms of gallons. Think of this as being similar to MPG, but instead of presenting miles per gallon of the vehicle’s fuel type, it represents the number of miles the vehicle can go using a quantity of electricity with the same energy content as a gallon of gasoline. An electric vehicle’s fuel economy is reported in terms of miles per gallon of gasoline-equivalent (MPGe). The number of miles an EV will travel before the battery needs to be recharged is often less than the distance your gasoline car can travel before being refueled, but typically is still enough to accomplish the average person’s daily driving needs. Don’t forget to look for state incentives, too! Save money, avoid trips to the gas station, and help the environment. These are CarBuzz's favorites PHEVs for 2022, but not necessarily based on fuel economy - we're looking for a balance between cost-effectiveness and being an excellent car for different lifestyles.Did you know there are tax credits for All-Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles? Check out ’s tax incentive page. That way, you get an all-electric range but can switch to hybrid gas and electric power for longer trips. If you want to give the middle finger to petroleum companies and their corporate greed, but aren't ready to do battle with public chargers and a spotty charging network, it's time to consider a plug-in hybrid. Even those who don't MSRP 35,400 - 43,200 Edmunds Rating 8.1 out of 10 Combined MPG 35 Compare 2. Even Jeep has gone for it with a hybrid Wrangler, and it's a hit. The Tucson Plug-in Hybrid is easy to drive and provides sufficient all-electric range. What most automakers are doing, though, is making and selling hybrids. That's negligible enough that some automakers aren't even bothering with all-electric cars in any meaningful way yet. Sure, the take-rate on EVs will increase, particularly in some countries rather than others, but in reality, here in the US, they account for 1% of car sales here in 2022. Anyone predicting that we'll all be driving electric vehicles in ten or twenty years is full of crap. Our immediate future with cars isn't the all-electric drivetrain it's hybrid. ![]() ![]() On set, the hum of the island is inescapable as Speedo-clad locals breeze past the “Do Not Disturb-Shoot in Progress” signs to grab groceries and alcohol (mostly alcohol) at the Pines Pantry. “It feels like the fifth lady,” Yang says-an allusion to the way New York City was frequently called the fifth star on Sex and the City. “We were sort of the Walmart greeters of this beautiful queer enclave,” says Bowen Yang, the Saturday Night Live standout who costars as Booster’s best friend Howie. Instead of tipsy vacationers, today the Blue Whale is populated by cranes, cameras, crew, and cast as production on Fire Island is in full swing. Joel Kim Booster By Jeong Park/Searchlight Pictures.Īs the ferry pulls into the harbor, we’re greeted by the customary wave of islanders gathered at the Blue Whale, the waterfront bar home to “Low Tea”-a Fire Island tradition where practically everyone communes for happy hour. “The fact that we did that feels miraculous, considering what we were up against.” ![]() “We made something really, really special and unique and gay,” Fire Island star and scribe Joel Kim Booster tells me over the phone, about six months after that ferry ride. It also serves as the setting, inspiration, and title of the feature film Fire Island, from Searchlight Pictures which debuts on Hulu June 3. It’s a mythic place where every summer, thousands upon thousands of queer people (and only the strongest of allies) take the plane to the train to the bus to the ferry, to gather with sisters and strangers and escape the onslaught of heterosexuality that comprises day-to-day life. The Pines-a queer hamlet on the larger Fire Island, though the names can be used interchangeably-is a gay mecca. We’re all headed to the same place: Fire Island. A man in a White Claw hat who looks like he got lost on his way to Greenwich asks a stranger if he’s on the right ferry. A beefy, tattooed man sits arm-in-arm with a person who could be his son, but is most likely not. A musical-theater ensemblist loudly recounts performing at a dinner theater in Santa Fe. And even in the waning days of summer, even if it happens to be a sun-kissed Monday morning in September, you’ll find yourself riding with a procession of queer people. To get to the Pines, you have to take the ferry. ![]() If you want to see a mash-up of block games fitted into one attractive amalgamation, then King Arthur’s Gold you simply cannot overlook. ![]() And if the tykes are away from their PC, they can always take complete advantage of the iOS version which is available on the Apple App Store minus a price tag as well.ĪLSO READ: 15 Minecraft Modpacks Roblox even proffers a bunch of genres such as building, town and city, horror, comedy, military, sci-fi, sports, fighting, western, RPG, naval, medieval, FPS and adventure. These user-generated worlds can then be enjoyed by any fan over the internet. Noted to be of the MMO sort, kids can fashion their very own universe by utilizing different kinds of blocks. This engaging inclusion in our free Minecraft alternatives array is aimed at pleasing children and teenagers between the ages of 8 and 16 years. You can currently avail of 2 games in the series namely Endeavour and Rage. Developed by RedWolf Design, there is also a single-player mode roped in here for anyone who wants to traverse it alone. And as far as customization is concerned, the options are certainly limitless, according to the maker.īesides simply erecting new structures, you can also experience changing weather conditions as well as interact with up to 4 pals either via the internet or local networks. The landscapes roped include deserts, mountains, lakes, volcanoes, arctic wastelands, a sub-oceanic terrain and fantastic islands floating in mid-air. When you dive into Clonk, prepare to be bombarded with a whole slew of interesting elements such as skill, action, platform, real-time strategy, and tactics. Currently, in the developing stage, the final alpha version will be tagged with a cost sticker. So ‘what will your story be?’ asks the brains behind this endeavor. It’s also compatible with various platforms like Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. These include human, elf, dwarf, Reptilian, and Simian, to name a few. Developed by Paul Speed, the PC delight is further infused with a plethora of playable races. Mythruna jumps onto the scene with RPG attributes as well as a completely modifiable randomly-generated sandbox universe. This interesting entrant in our free games similar to Minecraft roster proffers a treat that boasts of having the best of both worlds. Eager to get started? Well, all you require is an internet connection, an email address and the latest Unity 3D technology which can be downloaded without even spending a penny. By employing the colored bricks, you can create any sort of structure and show off your architectural prowess to the public. What’s more, if you happen to be the more social type, then you’ll even be able to invite over 16 friends into your ‘blocky’ universe. You can step right in and let your imagination run wild, building your very own world and sharing it with the community. And as you might have already guessed, everything present here has been influenced by the cube universe. It’s looked upon as an online multiplayer building game that’s spread across the Mac and Windows PC terrain. One glance at the name and block enthusiasts will already be eager to know more about Cubelands. This makes indulging in the gems a lot sweeter when you know that they are available on the scenario minus a dollar sign.īefore we begin, we’d like you to know that if you’re just looking to play Minecraft free of cost, we have your back too. And an added bonus here seems to be the $0 price tag that’s attached to each one of them. The games featured here are strewn across platforms like the PC and portable devices. ![]() Feast your eyes on a whole bunch of worthy Minecraft alternatives that will help you engage in block bliss for hours at a stretch. If you are looking for free games like Minecraft, then you’ve come to the right place. ![]() We had a small forum and released news on a regular basis, but after a while, Trix lost interest after hitting big obstacles during development. “They asked me to create a website for the mod, and I asked an amazing designer I’ve known for a long time – Tomislav Pocedulic – to design it. “I had never heard about the game before this but it looked amazing, and I instantly bought it. ![]() We didn’t have much contact back then, but somewhere in 2010 they gave me a call and showed me a private YouTube video of basic vehicle sync in Just Cause 2,” Woet said. “I met Trix and jaxm while being a member of the SA-MP beta squad and left the team around the same time as them. “Woet”, a former member of the San Andreas multiplayer beta team, quickly saw the promise in the modding duo’s early work – sensing the future potential of the bombastic addition. Fortunately for Trix and jaxm, the modding world isn’t lacking in talent, so it wasn’t long before a group of eager creators jumped on board. The enthusiasm was there, but it takes more than two community members to build something of this scale. It was at that point, driving around with another player, that I truly realized my love for the game.” “The earliest video we released of jaxm and myself driving through the snow was the result of around eight to 12 hours of programming and reverse engineering. “Once the full version of the game was released, I immediately began reverse engineering it, looking for regions of code and memory that I could make use of to influence the game,” Trix admitted. Breathing new life into existing properties was a personally fulfilling hobby for someone with Trix’s degree of engineering curiosity. The small team wasn’t commissioned by the game’s developer to work on this multiplayer feature, but Trix didn’t need the guarantee of a fat paycheck to devote endless hours to the project: a steady day job as a malware analyst gave him both the financial means and technical knowhow to engage in a procedural undertaking of this magnitude. “After he downloaded it, Trix felt the same way I did about the game and from this point on, we started throwing around ideas for what could be done with the game. “At this point, I practically started begging Trix to check out the Just Cause 2 demo. The graphics were fantastic and the performance of the game made it evident that it was really well optimized,” jaxm said in an interview with VideoGamer. ![]() The sheer scale of the game, even from the demo, was incredible. “In early March 2010, I came across Just Cause 2 and was blown away immediately. It became the perfect modern piece of software for the duo to sink their creative teeth into. Skilled modders “jaxm” and “Trix”, had just abandoned supporting their work adding multiplayer modes to Grand Theft Autos Vice City and San Andreas (dubbed Multi Theft Auto) when they spotted the Just Cause 2 demo. Six members of the game’s dedicated community could. Could you imagine four models of salty protagonist Rico Rodriguez swinging from mountain to mountain, spraying bullets at vehicles hundreds of feet away? Just Cause 2 didn’t have a multiplayer feature at launch. ![]() – Fireman now takes 15 food to recruit instead of 10 – Fireman (Rare Trader Camp Recruit) buffs – Secret method for getting 2 Punch Quest gauntlets that can be equipped by anyone – Punch Quest gauntlets shoot punch energy – Gnomey has a chance to summon the Punch Quest guy, who stays for the entire mission – Gnomey has a small chance to summon many things at once – Gnomey now summons temporary allies at a high chance whenever he hits a zombie, a MASSIVE BUFF – Gnomey no longer gets maxed medical, a MASSIVE NERF Still gives the extremely overpowered combo of good personality stats, though – CIVILIZED NERF: Only gives 1 point in medical and 1 point of mechanical now. If someone dies to the altar, in addition to the previous loot table, it will also give the entire rest of the team a point in strength, fitness, or shooting at random In exchange for losing 2 health, a surviving character now gets Strength, Fitness, AND Shooting instead of just a chance for one of those. – DELTA has two carrying slots, DOUBLE that of a normal dog. ![]() – DELTA is capable of getting +3 over the normal maximum for the Shooting skill – DELTA, the supersoldier/dog, who is a dog/supersoldier trained by the US GOVERNMENT to have enhanced combat potential and super-accuracy with firearms ![]() – BROOMY, who gets a very special attribute that may be hard to figure out at first – Made a special character that is far bigger than previously thought possible, dwarfing the Mecha Mountie in size The more you have on your team, the faster you find the next Stamp User, though you can still find all of them (eventually) with just one Stamp User in the team – Having a Stamp User in your team can lead to finding more Stamp Users in Road Events. They also do not bleed, so an injured or dead Stamp will not attract zombies – Summoned Stamps have infinite energy, they simply don’t get tired. – 4 anime reference characters that temporarily summon 4 other anime reference characters. – Healing Spray XL with 10 charges instead of 3 – BIG DAWG is now sold in PREPPER PARADISE, for a cheaper price – Trader that sells higher ammo versions of the Bazooka, Grenade Launcher, and Napalm Thrower – New Rare Trading Camp: PREPPER PARADISE – New Arcade Machine added to the Arcade Rare Trader Camp William Hayley's 1796 biography called him the "greatest English author", and he remains generally regarded "as one of the preeminent writers in the English language", though critical reception has oscillated in the centuries since his death (often on account of his republicanism). His desire for freedom extended into his style: he introduced new words (coined from Latin) to the English language, and was the first modern writer to employ non-rhymed verse outside of the theatre or translations. Writing in English, Latin, Greek, and Italian, he achieved international renown within his lifetime, and his celebrated Areopagitica (1644), written in condemnation of pre-publication censorship, is among history's most influential and impassioned defences of freedom of speech and freedom of the press. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval, and is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost (1667), written in blank verse. John Milton (9 December 1608 - 8 November 1674) was an English poet, polemicist, man of letters, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under its Council of State and later under Oliver Cromwell. He is also the subject of "the most famous single biographical work in the whole of literature," James Boswell's Life of Samuel Johnson. Johnson was a devout Anglican and committed Tory, and has been described as "arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history". Samuel Johnson (18 September 1709 - 13 December 1784), often referred to as Dr Johnson, was an English writer who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Writing in English, Latin, Greek, and Italian, he achieved international renown within his lifetime, and his celebrated Areopagitica (1644)-written in condemnation of pre-publication censorship-is among history's most influential and impassioned defences of free speech and freedom of the press. Milton's poetry and prose reflect deep personal convictions, a passion for freedom and self-determination, and the urgent issues and political turbulence of his day. John Milton (9 December 1608 - 8 November 1674) was an English poet, polemicist, and man of letters, and a civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell. He also wrote the epic poem while he was often ill, suffering from gout, and despite the fact that he was suffering emotionally after the early death of his second wife, Katherine Woodcock, in 1658, and the death of their infant daughter (though Milton remarried soon after in 1663). ![]() ![]() But parts were almost certainly written earlier, and its roots lie in Milton's earliest youth."Leonard speculates that the English Civil War interrupted Milton's earliest attempts to start his "epic that would encompass all space and time."Leonard also notes that Milton "did not at first plan to write a biblical epic."Since epics were typically written about heroic kings and queens (and with pagan gods), Milton originally envisioned his epic to be based on a legendary Saxon or British king like the legend of King Arthur.Having gone totally blind in 1652, Milton wrote Paradise Lost entirely through dictation with the help of amanuenses and friends. John Aubrey (1626-97) tells us that the poem was begun in about 1658 and finished in about 1663. Milton's purpose, stated in Book I, is to "justify the ways of God to men".In his introduction to the Penguin edition of Paradise Lost, the Milton scholar John Leonard notes, "John Milton was nearly sixty when he published Paradise Lost in 1667. It is considered by critics to be Milton's major work, and it helped solidify his reputation as one of the greatest English poets of his time.The poem concerns the Biblical story of the Fall of Man: the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. ![]() A second edition followed in 1674, arranged into twelve books (in the manner of Virgil's Aeneid) with minor revisions throughout and a note on the versification. The first version, published in 1667, consisted of ten books with over ten thousand lines of verse. Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton (1608-1674). |